Simple but not altogether easy to find if you don't know what you're looking for:
$ du -h *
The console will then give you back the size of all of the files and folders in your pwd something not unlike:
9.2M docs 9.6M images 4.0K jq-img 69M sounds 18M videos 105M total
Don't want to put that dir in source control!
Of course, now that you know about the du command, you can get more information with one or more of the following commands:
$ man du
$ info du
$ info coreutils 'du invocation'
du -h will show you the size of each and every file in pwd. To get the output you show here you have to use the -s (summarize) switch: du -sh *